How to Build a Gravel Patio

What you need

• Stakes, string and marking paint
• Spade or sod cutter, rake and wheelbarrow
• Plate compactor (often available to rent) or hand tamper
• Landscape fabric
• Edging (steel, aluminum, plastic, brick or stone)
• Crushed stone base and a top layer such as pea gravel

Material list for a 12 × 12 ft patio

Different size? Use the gravel calculator for each layer and add about 10% extra.

Step 1: Plan and mark the area

Pick a spot that drains well and is reasonably level. Mark the outline with stakes and string or marking paint. Check for buried utilities before digging (in the US, call 811).

Step 2: Dig out the area

Remove grass and roots. Dig deep enough for both layers – about 7 inches for the example above – and slope the bottom very slightly away from your house so rain runs off.

Step 3: Compact the soil and add edging

Compact the soil with a plate compactor or tamper. Install the edging around the outside so its top sits just above the finished gravel level. Edging keeps the gravel in and the lawn out.

Step 4: Lay landscape fabric

Roll out the fabric, overlap the seams by several inches and pin it down. It slows weeds and stops the gravel sinking into the soil.

Step 5: Add and compact the base

Spread the crushed stone in 2-inch lifts, wetting lightly and compacting each one. A firm base keeps the patio flat and stops chairs sinking.

Step 6: Add the top layer

Spread the pea gravel evenly and rake it level. Pea gravel stays loose, so a 2–3 inch layer is usually enough; deeper layers can feel soft underfoot.

Finishing ideas

• Set large stepping stones into the gravel for a firmer walking path.
• Add a fire pit ring, string lights or planters around the edge.
• Rake the gravel every few weeks and top up a little each year.